French farmhouse white enamel bucket with black rim nice wooden handle some age related wear 
Unusual lid shown with other buckets etc for sale separately may sell together please contact us for pricing etc 
29 cm tall 
29 cm round at top 
Enamel history began with ancient Mycenae (c. 13th century BC) and spread across cultures like Egypt, China, and the Roman Empire, with techniques such as cloisonné becoming popular in the Byzantine era and China. After a medieval peak in Limoges, the Industrial Revolution saw the development of industrial vitreous enameling on iron, and a resurgence occurred in the Arts and Crafts movement and Art Nouveau periods.  
Ancient Origins
Mycenean Civilization: The earliest known enamelled objects are gold rings from a Mycenaean tomb in Cyprus, dating from 1230 BC to 1050 BC. 
Global Spread: Enamel technology also appeared independently in ancient Egypt, China, and the Roman Empire, with early examples including jewelry from Tutankhamun's tomb (though some scholars debate if the glass was fully melted). 
Development of Techniques
Cloisonné: The prevalent technique in the early period was cloisonné, which uses thin metal wires to create cells filled with powdered glass and then fired in a kiln. 
Champlevé: Later, techniques like champlevé emerged, where the metal surface is cut or engraved to create recesses for the enamel. 
The Medieval Period
Byzantine Empire: The Byzantine Empire saw a significant advancement in enamelling techniques between the 6th and 12th centuries, primarily with cloisonné. 
Limoges Enamels: The French city of Limoges became a major center for enamelling, first known for its champlevé work (from the 12th century) and later for its painted enamel (from the 15th century). 
Industrialization and Resurgence
Industrial Revolution: The 18th and 19th centuries saw developments in industrial enamelling, leading to the widespread use of enamelled cast iron cooking vessels. 
Arts and Crafts Movement: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a renewed interest in enamel emerged, partly driven by the Arts and Crafts movement and influenced by the expansion of museums and design schools. 
20th Century 
Art Nouveau: Enamelling was used by Art Nouveau artists to decorate jewelry like pendants and rings, drawn to its bright, durable colors.
Modern Techniques: Techniques continued to evolve, with artists and jewellers exploring the aesthetic possibilities of enamel, as seen in the luxury creations of Faberge's Easter eggs.
A concise history of enamel - IOM3
22 Sept 2022 — The first enamelling of iron is thought to have taken place in Germany in the 18th Century and by the end of the century, production of enamelled ca...
Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
Vitreous enamel - Wikipedia
The earliest enamel all used the cloisonné technique, placing the enamel within small cells with gold walls. This had been used as a technique to hold pieces of...
Wikipedia
500 years of enamel. The history of enamelware.
The earliest known enamelled objects were 6 gold rings found in a Mycenæan tomb at Kouklia, Cyprus. These rings could be dated as early as 1230 BC but no later ...
Falcon Enamelware
A brief history of enameling. - Friar House
The most dramatic development in the history of enamelling took place in the Byzantine Empire between the 6th and 12th centuries, a period during which only the...
Friar House
The history of enamel and the best to collect - Homes and Antiques
25 Jan 2022 — What is the history of enamel? A highly skilled technique, in which powdered glass and pigment are exposed to high temperatures in order to create a ...
Homes and Antiques
Enamels on Jewelry - Lang Antiques
Enameling is a decoration technique in which a glass of certain composition is fused to the surrounding or under laying metal. Although the exact origins are un...
Arts and Crafts enamels - V&A
Enamelling is a highly skilled technique in which coloured glass is fused to a metal base in the heat of a kiln to create glossy, vividly coloured metal objects.